Com mais de 2,2 milhões de casos registrados em 2024, as fraudes virtuais se tornam o novo rosto da criminalidade.
Nos últimos anos, os crimes digitais deixaram de ser exceção para se tornar rotina na sociedade. As estatísticas do Anuário Brasileiro de Segurança Pública mostram que as fraudes praticadas em ambientes virtuais já ultrapassam modalidades tradicionais de crime, como roubos e furtos. Em 2024, foram mais de 2,2 milhões de registros de estelionato digital, número 50 vezes maior que o total de homicídios no mesmo período.
A queda nos crimes “clássicos”, como roubos de celulares e assaltos, reforça a ideia de que a criminalidade está migrando para o mundo virtual — onde as chances de punição são menores e as oportunidades de enganar vítimas são muito maiores.
De acordo com Flávio Souza, professor dos cursos de engenharia e tecnologias do Centro Universitário UniBH, a sofisticação das fraudes digitais tem crescido de forma alarmante, impulsionada inclusive pelo uso indevido da inteligência artificial (IA). “Além dos tradicionais golpes de phishing, (envio de e-mails, SMS ou mensagens de WhatsApp com links falsos para roubar dados bancários ou pessoais) temos visto crimes com uso de IA para criar vídeos e imagens falsos, simulando pessoas conhecidas ou figuras públicas para aplicar fraudes”, explica o professor. “Em um caso recente, a imagem de um padre foi usada para pedir doações falsas em nome dele.”
Ainda segundo o especialista, o ponto de partida dos criminosos, geralmente, é a exposição excessiva de informações pessoais nas redes. “Perfis abertos, senhas fracas e falta de autenticação em dois fatores aumentam o risco. Quanto mais você se expõe, mais vulnerável se torna”, alerta.
Souza reforça que qualquer pessoa pode ser vítima, embora alguns grupos sejam mais suscetíveis. “Crianças podem ser enganadas por conteúdos atrativos ou campanhas nocivas; idosos, por sua vez, são vulneráveis por confiarem demais e passarem informações sensíveis com facilidade. Mas jovens e adultos também estão na mira — basta um momento de distração para cair em um golpe.”
O especialista lembra que um único deslize é suficiente para comprometer dados e finanças. “O hacker não precisa de várias oportunidades; basta uma falha do usuário”, diz.
Proteção começa com atitudes simples
Proteger-se dos golpes e crimes virtuais não exige conhecimentos avançados em tecnologia. Para Flávio Souza, as atitudes básicas fazem toda a diferença. “É importante desconfiar de mensagens e links estranhos. Se o tom do texto for diferente do habitual, ou o link parecer suspeito, não clique e jamais compartilhe.”
O professor do UniBH recomenda ainda verificar a fonte das informações, especialmente aquelas com tom alarmista. Manter backups e senhas fortes em todos os dispositivos e não utilizar redes Wi-Fi públicas para transações financeiras ou atividades profissionais sensíveis são outras medidas preventivas. “Usar uma rede pública é como brincar no quintal dos outros. O risco de interceptação de dados é muito alto”, compara o especialista.
Com relação aos smartphones, o alerta é redobrado: “O celular hoje é tão visado quanto o computador pois guarda dados ainda mais sensíveis – desde aplicativos bancários até autenticações de acesso. É essencial manter métodos de bloqueio, rastreamento e backup.”
O que fazer ao cair em um golpe
Para aqueles que foram vítimas de uma fraude no ambiente virtual, o professor orienta, em um primeiro momento, verificar a extensão do dano e entrar em contato com bancos e instituições financeiras; registrar um boletim de ocorrência imediatamente; e comunicar pessoas próximas, alertando para possíveis tentativas de contato falso. “Muitos cartões e bancos oferecem seguros para esse tipo de situação, e o boletim de ocorrência é fundamental para resguardar o usuário”, ressalta.
Por fim, apesar do cenário preocupante, o professor reforça que o combate à criminalidade digital deve vir pela educação e conscientização, não pelo medo. “É preciso ensinar as pessoas a identificar sinais de golpe sem gerar pânico. Uma simples checagem — como confirmar se o número de quem manda mensagem está salvo na agenda — já evita muitos problemas”, conclui.
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