Ministro da Educação anuncia Enem no Mercosul em 2026, mas Brasil enfrenta falta de vagas públicas e mensalidades exorbitantes no ensino superior
Por Victório Dell Pyrro
O anúncio feito pelo ministro da Educação neste domingo, 16 de novembro de 2025, sobre a possibilidade de aplicação do Enem 2026 em países do Mercosul, como Argentina, Uruguai e Paraguai, assustou educadores e provocou debates e críticas intensas. Enquanto o governo federal diz pretender ampliar o alcance do exame e permitir que estrangeiros também concorram ao sistema universitário brasileiro, os dados internos do ensino superior expõem um cenário preocupante e, para muitos, incoerente.
O anúncio aconteceu , em uma coletiva de imprensa realizada após o final da aplicação da edição de 2025 da prova.
Expansão do Enem e Mercosul: a proposta
O ministro Camilo Santana confirmou que o governo de Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (PT) realiza estudos de viabilidade para aplicar o Enem 2026 em Buenos Aires, Montevidéu e Assunção.
A proposta prevê a realização do exame em português, permitindo participação de brasileiros residentes no exterior e de estrangeiros interessados em ingressar no ensino superior do Brasil. Segundo o governo federal, o estudo logístico e técnico será concluído e divulgado antes da abertura das inscrições do próximo ano.
Números do ensino superior gratuito no Brasil
Apesar do discurso de internacionalização, o acesso ao ensino superior público e gratuito no país ainda é restrito. Segundo os dados mais recentes do Censo da Educação Superior, o Brasil possui pouco mais de 2 milhões de matrículas em instituições públicas, incluindo federais, estaduais e municipais, enquanto o setor privado detém cerca de 7,5 milhões de alunos, com 8 em cada 10 estudantes dependendo de vagas pagas.
Em 2024, o número de matrículas totais no ensino superior chegou a 10.227.226, dos quais apenas um quarto conseguiu vaga gratuita em instituições federais, estaduais ou municipais. O déficit de acesso é suplementado por vagas via ensino a distância, que se expandiram sobretudo no setor privado e, apesar do baixo custo, apontam altos índices de evasão [8][9].
O preço das faculdades privadas no Brasil
O custo do ensino superior privado é outro empecilho: a mensalidade média nas faculdades particulares foi de R$ 889 em 2025, podendo ultrapassar R$ 4 mil em universidades renomadas – sem contar cursos de elite, como Medicina, que superam R$ 10 mil a R$ 12 mil mensais nas capitais [10][11][12]. Faculdades de Economia em instituições de ponta, como o Insper e a FGV-SP, cobram mensalidades que variam entre R$ 6 mil e R$ 8 mil [13][14].
Além do valor elevado, o sistema de financiamento e bolsas não atende à totalidade dos estudantes. Mesmo com programas como FIES e Prouni, a exigência do pagamento posterga o problema, transformando-o em dívida por anos após a formação.
Incoerência e exclusão
É chamariz de manchete: enquanto o Brasil não cumpre o papel básico de garantir vaga universitária gratuita para seus próprios jovens, o governo quer expandir o benefício para além de suas fronteiras. O país celebra a maior oferta de vagas na história, mas a ampla maioria dos estudantes continua dependente da rede privada.
A ideia de ampliar o acesso para estrangeiros, especialmente em um momento de crise e evasão entre brasileiros, ilustra a disparidade de prioridades. Em vez de investir na ampliação das vagas públicas, na qualidade das universidades e no financiamento estudantil consistente, o governo federal corre o risco de agravar ainda mais o déficit interno de acesso, privilegiando uma “inclusão internacional” incompatível com a dura realidade nacional.
Os dados mostram que, se o objetivo é democratizar de vez o ensino superior, a prioridade precisa estar dentro das fronteiras brasileiras: reduzir o valor das mensalidades, ampliar o número de vagas públicas e dar dignidade às universidades que hoje lutam para sobreviver. Universalizar o acesso em casa deve vir antes de exportar soluções a outros países – sob o risco de eternizar, para os jovens brasileiros, o ensino superior como um sonho distante e, para muitos, inalcançável.
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