Achado, inédito, sugere que o oeste da região amazônica não era tão pouco habitado antes da chegada dos colonizadores como se pensava.
A pesquisa foi publicada nesta quinta-feira (25) pela revista Nature.
A camada topográfica é baseada em dados TanDEM-X DEM 12 m.
Segundo imagens obtidas com o método lidar, a área de cultura Casarabe, até onde é conhecida hoje, tem aproximadamente 4.500 km 2 , com um dos grandes assentamentos controlando uma área de aproximadamente 500 km 2.
A arquitetura cívico-cerimonial desses grandes locais de assentamento inclui plataformas escalonadas, sobre as quais se encontram estruturas em forma de U, montículos de plataforma retangulares e pirâmides cônicas (com até 22 m de altura).
Os grandes locais de assentamento são cercados por bancos poligonais concêntricos classificados e representam nós centrais que estão conectados a locais de classificação mais baixa por calçadas retas e elevadas que se estendem por vários quilômetros.
Infraestrutura maciça de gestão de água, composta por canais e reservatórios, completa o sistema de assentamento em uma paisagem antropogenicamente modificada.
“Nossos resultados indicam que o padrão de assentamento da cultura Casarabe representa um tipo de urbanismo tropical de baixa densidade que não foi descrito anteriormente na Amazônia”, dizem os pesquisadores.
Para encontrar os novos assentamentos, os cientistas usaram a tecnologia chamada “lidar“, um mapeamento a laser aéreo que funciona disparando feixes infravermelhos de um avião, helicóptero ou drone em direção à superfície e capturando os sinais refletidos.
O método permitiu que eles “removessem”, virtualmente, a vegetação densa da região, para visualizar a terra e a arqueologia abaixo das árvores.
Os locais foram descritos pelos cientistas como “assentamentos urbanos de baixa densidade”. Ao todo, os pesquisadores encontraram dois grandes assentamentos e mais 24 menores. Dos 26, 11 ainda não eram conhecidos.
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