Texto aprovado por senadores reduz penas de Bolsonaro e condenados por tentativa de golpe; relator Esperidião Amin (PP-SC) utilizou manobra para evitar volta do projeto à Câmara.
A Comissão de Constituição e Justiça (CCJ) do Senado aprovou, nesta quarta-feira (17), o Projeto de Lei (PL) da Dosimetria. O placar foi de 17 votos favoráveis ante 7 contrários. O texto, que recalcula e reduz as penas dos crimes do 8 de Janeiro, vai ao plenário.
Aprovado pela Câmara dos Deputados no último dia 8, o projeto conhecido como PL da Dosimetria seguirá para votação no plenário do Senado. O presidente da Casa, Davi Alcolumbre (União-AP), já incluiu o texto na agenda desta quarta.
A proposta estabelece um mecanismo para tornar mais rápida a progressão do regime de pena (quando um condenado sai de uma modalidade mais severa e passa para um regime mais brando) para os condenados por crimes contra o Estado Democrático de Direito.
Também prevê redução de até 2/3 da pena imposta aos vândalos comuns dos ataques de 8 de janeiro de 2023. E determina que, em caso de condenação simultânea, o crime de tentativa de golpe de Estado (com penas maiores) absorverá o de tentativa de abolição do Estado.
A aprovação do texto ocorreu após críticas de parlamentares governistas e frustrou um movimento de bastidor para adiar a análise do projeto. Na reunião desta quarta, senadores do PT tentaram aprovar três tipos de requerimentos diferentes para empurrar a discussão da proposta para 2026 — foram derrotados em todos.
No relatório, o senador Esperidião Amin (PP-SC) restringiu os efeitos da proposta de redução de penas especificamente aos envolvidos nos atos antidemocráticos. E corrigiu o que os senadores avaliaram como distorções no texto elaborado na Câmara, que permitia que a progressão de pena fosse aplicada de forma geral e para outros crimes, como ambientais, coação no curso do processo, incêndio doloso (com intenção) e outros, o que poderia beneficiar diretamente líderes de organizações e facções criminosas.
Amin ressaltou, no relatório, que “o Projeto de Lei nº 2.162, embora não configure a desejada anistia, busca corrigir distorções evidentes na aplicação cumulativa de penas, garantindo proporcionalidade e justiça individualizada”.
O senador de oposição acatou uma emenda apresentada pelo senador Sergio Moro (União Brasil-PR), que destaca que a lei se aplica exclusivamente aos crimes cometidos no 8 de Janeiro. A intenção é evitar que o texto volte à Câmara dos Deputados e garantir que passe pelo plenário do Senado ainda nesta quarta. Demais emendas foram rejeitadas.
Defensor da anistia aos condenados pelos atos do 8 de Janeiro, Amin diz que o tema deveria ser analisado “à luz do princípio da unidade nacional e da função integradora do direito constitucional”.
Para ele, “a manutenção de centenas de cidadãos em regime fechado por atos que, embora ilícitos, não configuraram insurgência armada ou ameaça real à soberania, pode agravar divisões e comprometer a legitimidade das instituições”.
O texto aprovado pela CCJ estabelece que os condenados por envolvimento com os ataques de 8 de janeiro de 2023 terão direito a progredir ao regime semiaberto após o cumprimento de 16% da pena no fechado.
A legislação atual prevê que esses criminosos precisam cumprir ao menos 25% na modalidade mais severa para pleitear uma progressão.
A proposta também determina que:
- em caso de condenação simultânea pelos crimes de tentativa de golpe de Estado e de tentativa de abolição do Estado, prevalecerá a pena mais gravosa — e não mais a soma das penas;
- nos crimes de tentativa de golpe de Estado e de tentativa de abolição do Estado cometidos em contexto de multidão — entendimento aplicado aos condenados pelo 8 de janeiro —, haverá redução da pena de 1/3 a 2/3, desde que o criminoso não seja uma liderança ou um financiador;
- o tempo de estudo e trabalho em prisão domiciliar também sirva para reduzir a pena de condenados.
O relator do PL da Dosimetria na Câmara, deputado Paulinho da Força (Solidariedade-SP), afirmou que o projeto levaria Bolsonaro a cumprir apenas 2 anos e quatro meses em regime fechado.
O cálculo, segundo ele, também contabiliza reduções por estudo e o abatimento do período no qual o ex-presidente ficou preso em casa.
Pelas regras atuais, Jair Bolsonaro terá direito a pedir a progressão após cumprir cerca de sete anos no regime fechado. A previsão da Vara de Execuções Penais do Distrito Federal é de que o ex-presidente possa progredir ao semiaberto em 23 de abril de 2033.
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