Uma decisão recente do Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF), no âmbito da Operação Sem Desconto, revela que o ex-presidente do Instituto Nacional do Seguro Social (INSS), Alessandro Stefanutto, teria recebido cerca de R$ 4 milhões de uma organização criminosa envolvida em descontos indevidos em aposentadorias e pensões. Os valores, pagos entre abril de 2024 e janeiro de 2025, foram intermediados por contas da advogada Cecília Rodrigues Mota, apontada como uma das líderes do esquema, via escritório do advogado Eric Douglas Martins Fidélis, filho de um ex-diretor do INSS.
A investigação, conduzida pela Polícia Federal (PF) e analisada pelo ministro André Mendonça, relator do caso, expõe a participação direta de integrantes da cúpula do INSS no esquema, que movimentou centenas de milhões de reais – com estimativas iniciais de R$ 6,3 bilhões em desvios totais entre 2019 e 2024. Stefanutto, indicado pelo governo Lula em julho de 2023 e demitido em abril de 2025 após o escândalo estourar, é acusado de usar sua influência para acelerar a ativação de entidades associativas falsas, permitindo descontos automáticos nos contracheques de aposentados vulneráveis.
Como Funcionava o Esquema Criminoso
O golpe explorava brechas no sistema do INSS para cadastrar associações fictícias de “defesa de aposentados”, que cobravam mensalidades sem autorização explícita dos beneficiários, em sua maioria idosos e pensionistas de baixa renda. Mensagens extraídas do celular de Cecília Mota mostram que Stefanutto e outros, como o procurador-geral Virgílio Antonio Ribeiro de Oliveira Filho e o ex-diretor André Paulo Félix Fidélis, viabilizavam desbloqueios em massa de benefícios e liberações irregulares.
Os repasses a Stefanutto partiam diretamente do fluxo de caixa das fraudes, com propinas mensais que escalaram para R$ 250 mil após sua posse como presidente, segundo apurações da PF em fases anteriores da operação. Pagamentos usavam empresas de fachada, como pizzarias e imobiliárias, sob codinomes como “Italiano”. O grupo, liderado por Natjo de Lima Pinheiro e Cecília Mota, aplicava os descontos por anos, subtraindo valores diretamente dos pagamentos previdenciários.
Envolvimento Político e Cúpula do INSS
A PF atribui papel de “articuladora política” à deputada Maria Gorete Pereira (MDB-CE), monitorada por indícios de facilitação do esquema junto a autoridades. A operação, deflagrada em abril de 2025 pela PF e Controladoria-Geral da União (CGU), já resultou em nove prisões em novembro de 2025, incluindo Stefanutto, e afastamentos de servidores. Estimativas atualizadas apontam prejuízo de até R$ 8 bilhões, com foco em estelionato previdenciário, organização criminosa, lavagem de dinheiro e inserção de dados falsos em sistemas públicos.
Stefanutto, procurador federal com expertise em INSS desde 2011, assumiu prometendo reduzir filas de perícias, mas sua gestão coincidiu com o pico das fraudes. Sua defesa nega irregularidades e promete inocência em juízo.
Impactos e Desdobramentos Judiciais
A revelação dos R$ 4 milhões reacende o debate sobre accountability no INSS, pressionando reformas em consignados e fiscalização digital. A CPMI do INSS, instalada para investigar os desvios, enfrenta entraves judiciais, como a suspensão de acesso a sigilos determinada por Mendonça na semana passada. A PF continua perícias em mensagens e contas, com risco de novas prisões.
Juristas veem no caso um marco contra corrupção sistêmica na Previdência, mas criticam a demora em ressarcimentos aos aposentados lesados. O Ministério da Previdência, sob novo comando, implementa protocolos anti-fraude desde 2025, mas o escândalo mancha a imagem do governo Lula, que indicou Stefanutto via ministro Carlos Lupi (PDT). O STF deve julgar recursos em breve, definindo rumos da operação.
Alessandro Stefanutto está preso desde novembro de 2025, em regime de prisão preventiva no âmbito da Operação Sem Desconto da PF.
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